ਕ ਖ ਗ ਘ ਙ
Ka Varg
The first consonant family in Gurmukhi contains five letters. These sounds are produced from the back of the throat and form the beginning of the alphabet.
Meet Ka Varg
ਕ
Kakka
Pronunciation
ka
Example
ਕਰ
Meaning
Do
ਖ
Khakha
Pronunciation
kha
Example
ਖਾਲਸਾ
Meaning
Khalsa
ਗ
Gagga
Pronunciation
ga
Example
ਗੁਰੂ
Meaning
Guru
ਘ
Ghagha
Pronunciation
gha
Example
ਘਰ
Meaning
Home
ਙ
Nganga
Pronunciation
nga
Example
Rarely used independently
Meaning
Usually appears in combinations.
Pronunciation Tip
Speak from the back of the mouth
Try saying "ka", "kha", "ga", and "gha" slowly. Notice how the sound begins deep in the throat. These letters belong to the guttural family of sounds.
Practice Reading
ਕਰ
kar — Do
ਗੁਰੂ
Guru
ਘਰ
Home
Reflection
Pause & Reflect
Can you recognize the five letters of Ka Varg without looking at their names?